Introduction
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are the backbone of modern automation, yet most people confuse them with ordinary computers or IoT devices. CPS integrates computation, networking, and physical processes.
What Are Cyber-Physical Systems?
CPS are systems where software and hardware monitor, control, and interact with physical processes, often in real-time.
Key Components
- Sensors and actuators
- Embedded computing systems
- Network communication
- Control software
Applications
- Industrial automation (factories, robots)
- Smart grids and energy management
- Autonomous vehicles
- Medical monitoring and devices
- Smart infrastructure and transportation
Benefits
- Real-time monitoring and control
- Increased efficiency and safety
- Predictive maintenance
- Improved system reliability
Limitations
- Complexity of integration
- Security vulnerabilities
- High initial cost
- Maintenance challenges
Common Misconceptions
- CPS is just IoT (IoT is a component, not the whole system)
- CPS operates without human oversight (humans are still crucial)
Conclusion
Cyber-Physical Systems enable precise, automated control in complex environments. Understanding their structure and limitations ensures effective deployment and safety.